![]() ![]() Fourier's attack on civilization had qualities not to be found in the writing of any other social critic of his time." Work and liberated passions įor Herbert Marcuse "The idea of libidinal work relations in a developed industrial society finds little support in the tradition of thought, and where such In his lexicon civilization was a depraved order, a synonym for perfidy and constraint. Fourier used the word civilization in a negative sense and as such "Fourier's contempt for the respectable thinkers and ideologies of his age was so intense that he always used the terms philosopher and civilization in a pejorative sense. Attack on civilization įourier characterized poverty (not inequality) as the principal cause of disorder in society, and he proposed to eradicate it by sufficiently high wages and by a "decent minimum" for those who were not able to work. Rubenstein have seen Fourier as motivated by economic and religious antisemitism, rather than the racial antisemitism that would emerge later in the century. By the end of his life, Fourier advocated the return of Jews to Palestine with the assistance of the Rothschilds. Fourier considered trade, which he associated with Jews, to be the "source of all evil" and advocated that Jews be forced to perform farm work in the phalansteries. There were incentives: jobs people might not enjoy doing would receive higher pay. Wealth was determined by one's job jobs were assigned based on the interests and desires of the individual. These buildings were four-level apartment complexes where the richest had the uppermost apartments and the poorest had a ground-floor residence. Fourier saw such cooperation occurring in communities he called "phalanxes," based upon structures called Phalanstères or "grand hotels". Workers would be recompensed for their labors according to their contribution. He believed that a society that cooperated would see an immense improvement in their productivity levels. Ideas įourier declared that concern and cooperation were the secrets of social success. In 1822, he tried to sell his books again but with no success. Fourier produced most of his writings between 18. After six years, the book fell into the hands of Monsieur Just Muiron who eventually became Fourier's patron. ![]() His first book was published in 1808, but it only sold a few copies. As a traveling salesman and correspondence clerk, his research and thought was time-limited: he complained of "serving the knavery of merchants" and the stupefaction of "deceitful and degrading duties." From 1791 to 1816 Fourier was employed in Paris, Rouen, Lyon, Marseille, and Bordeaux. Fourier's travels also brought him to Paris, where he worked as the head of the Office of Statistics for a few months. In 1791 he moved from Besançon to Lyon, where he was employed by the merchant M. This inheritance enabled Fourier to travel throughout Europe at his leisure. When his father died in 1781, Fourier received two-fifths of his father's estate, valued at more than 200,000 francs. ![]() Fourier later said he was grateful that he did not pursue engineering, because it would have consumed too much of his time and taken away from his true desire to help humanity. He wanted to become an engineer, but the local military engineering school accepted only sons of noblemen. The son of a small businessman, Fourier was more interested in architecture than in his father's trade. Fourier later inspired a diverse array of revolutionary thinkers and writers.įourier was born in Besançon, France on 7 April 1772. ![]() In Guise, France, he influenced the Familistery of Guise. Among them in the United States were the community of Utopia, Ohio La Reunion near present-day Dallas, Texas Lake Zurich, Illinois the North American Phalanx in Red Bank, New Jersey Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts the Community Place and Sodus Bay Phalanx in New York State Silkville, Kansas, and several others. įourier's social views and proposals inspired a whole movement of intentional communities. For instance, Fourier is credited with having originated the word feminism in 1837. Some of Fourier's social and moral views, held to be radical in his lifetime, have become mainstream thinking in modern society. François Marie Charles Fourier ( / ˈ f ʊr i eɪ, - i ər/ French: 7 April 1772 – 10 October 1837) was a French philosopher, an influential early socialist thinker and one of the founders of utopian socialism. ![]()
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